Ngorongoro crater is located within the Tanzania highlands. The Ngoronngoro Conservation makes up an ecosystem termed the Serengeti-Ngorongoro-Maasai Mara, interlocked on the east by the famous Rift Valley and to the west by Serengeti National Park. Although the landscape of Ngorongoro Conservation Zone was formed a couple of million years ago, it still experiences modern geological processes.
The gneiss, granite outcrops as well as the Ol Doinyo Mountains dotted Serengeti plains several hundred years ago. Twenty million years back, the eastern region of Africa began to rift or rather fault causing the area within the fault lines to subside. The land around this area eventually became weak as a consequence of the gradual thinning and also softening of the earth's crust. The molten substances inside the earth were easily thrust to the surface to form lava plateaus as well as volcanoes. Among the oldest volcanoes created are Lemagrut, Oldeani, Ngorongoro, Olmoti, Sirua, Lolmasin, Sadiman, and Empakaai. These volcanoes now form the high cliffs at lake Eyasi. Ngorongoro is considered to have been higher than Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. However, its altitude was decreased as a result of block subsidence where the lava that built a solid lid slowly and gradually collapsed leaving behind an enlarged crater, the caldera we see today. Volcanoes that underwent similar processes as Ngorongoro consist of Emrpakaai and Olmati yet the calderas did not form as enormously as that of Ngorongoro. There are two newly born volcanoes in the vicinity, Ol Doinyo Lanai and Kerimasi. They were formed along the Gregory Rift and lie to the northeast of Empakaai caldera. The Ol Doinyo Lengai Mountain, which is Maasai for Mountain of God, continues to be active and recently erupted in 1983. The molten rock produced by volcanoes has two major advantages: increasing fertility of soils for crop production outside Ngorongoro Conservation Area as well as sustenance of savanna grasslands which support the largest herds in the world. It does have an additional advantage,- though invaluable - the preservation of fossils that archaeologists and paleontologists formulate a better comprehension of the origin of mankind and other creatures that inhabited the part of the world particularly around Olduvai Gorge and Aetolia. Through erosion and deposition the surroundings of Ngorongoro Conservation area has been gradually transformed though a great deal of of it was formed about two million years in past.
A Ngorongoro safari offers guests a great glimpse into this natural spectacle which has retained its origins for a million plus years.
A full day Ngorongoro crater tour starts as early as six in the am and lasts the whole day with picnic lunch taken on the base of the crater.
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